<rs>Digital image of the illustration on p. 1 of Paul-Henri Mallet's edition of <title level="u" xml:lang="non">Edda, entitled Monuments de la mythologie et de la poésie des Celtes, et particulièrement des anciens Scandinaves, pour servir de supplément et de preuves à l’ “Introduction à l’histoire du Dannemarc” from 1756. 1.7 KB This digital image is from Monuments de la mythologie et de la poésie des Celtes, et particulièrement des anciens Scandinaves, pour servir de supplément et de preuves à l’“Introduction à l’histoire du Dannemarc”. The University of Victoria 2018 Victoria, B.C., Canada

This illustration from Monuments de la mythologie et de la poésie des Celtes, et particulièrement des anciens Scandinaves, pour servir de supplément et de preuves à l’“Introduction à l’histoire du Dannemarc” is in the public domain.

 MonuMythCelts-1756-001-01 P. A. Baer noted in her dissertation An Old Norse Image Hoard that “This illustration is a collage that features objects and figures from other illustrations such as the depiction of Hyrrokkin riding a wolf from the Hunnestad rune stone in Worm ́s Danicorum monumentorum libri sex (Danish Monuments in six books) (Fig. B-9); the figure of Frigg from the Magnus brothers’ woodcut published in 1554 and 1555 (Fig. B-5); and a rune stave or calendar that is likely from an illustrated book of antiquities” (85). The illustrator, Odvardt Helmolde von Lode added four more legs to the wolf to change it into Sleipner and thus to identify the figure riding it as Oðinn. Here is a picture that P. A. Baer took of the rune stone at the Kulturen museum in Lund, Sweden in the summer of 2010. Click on the keyword "Hyrrokkin" to see other renderings of the figure on the runestone. Monuments de la mythologie et de la poésie des Celtes, et particulièrement des anciens Scandinaves, pour servir de supplément et de preuves à l’“Introduction à l’histoire du Dannemarc” 1756 1 Reykjavik Stofnun Árna Magnússonar í íslenskum fræðum Header for Mallet's <title level="m">Edda, ou Mythologie Celtique illustrator Odvardt Helmolde von Lode 1726-1757 paper 135 210

Header for Mallet's Edda, ou Mythologie Celtique, in the 1756 edition of Monuments de la mythologie et de la poésie des Celtes. The scene suggests a sacred grove with figures, such as Odinn riding his eight-legged horse Sleipner and Frigg with a sword and a bow. These figures were copied and adapted from other sources. See Research Notes below. 120 70

Mallet was "commissioned by the king of Denmark to write a scholarly work specifically designed to counter existing views of Scandinavia as a backward country” (O’Donoghue 111).

This illustration from Monuments de la mythologie et de la poésie des Celtes, et particulièrement des anciens Scandinaves, pour servir de supplément et de preuves à l’“Introduction à l’histoire du Dannemarc” was photographed by P. A. Baer in Special Collections at the National Library of Iceland.

Call number: 290 Sno

The purpose of the project was to create a prototype for a digital image repository and web page for illustrations of Old Norse gods and heroes from manuscripts and early print sources.

I used a Roma Schema with the modules: core, tei, header, textstructure, msdescription, namesdates, certainty, figures, transcr and linking.

All proper nouns for the metadata for the illustrations were marked up with TEI P5 by using: <gi>persName</gi> for beings such as gods, giants, humans, authors, illustrators etc. and <gi>name</gi> for animals, monsters, and artifacts. The <att>xml:id</att>s for proper nouns are always mixed case abbreviations that begin with a capital. The <gi>list</gi> elements always have <att>type</att> and usually have <att>subtype</att> as well. All other TEI tags such as: <placeName/> for places, <orgName/> for archives, and <person/> were used in the manner demonstrated by the TEI P5 guidelines. I used the <att>xml:lang</att> for all of these elements. The keyword items for all proper nouns were linked to further descriptive data in a Names directory (names.xml).

I created additional keyword items consisting of simple nouns, which were marked up as <gi>term</gi> to correspond to names of artifacts, animals, and monsters, e.g. Megingjörð = belt, Sleipnir = horse, Jörmungandr = serpent. The keyword items for all simple nouns were also entered in the names.xml file. The <att>xml:id</att>s for simple nouns are not abbreviated, always begin in lower case, are always in English, and are camel back when consisting of more than one word.

The critical approach for the selection of illustrations is focused through the theoretical lens of Material Philology which considers books and their material details, such as covers and illustrations, as cultural artifacts. This selection criteria results in a repository of images that is capable of revealing aspects of book history, culture, and production that the words of the texts alone cannot provide. Consequently, iterations of illustrations with minimal differences are not only included but valued for their research potential, e.g., illustrations from the first and second editions of Kongesagaer.

The web page prototype for the repository will incorporate Web 2.0 principles to facilitate scholarly research and knowledge dissemination and to enable participation from users at all levels of interest.

Old Norse orthography was the preferred representation for all names; however the English orthography was supplied in the keywords for Þōrr for Thor. Old Norse, English and other spellings were recorded in the names.xml file.

The spelling conventions for Old Norse conform to the practice established in An Icelandic-English Dictionary Cleasby, Richard and Vigfússon, Guðbrandur Clarendon Press Oxford 1957 , i.e., the stem of the name plus its nominative marker.

 Used to supply editor, author, illustrator etc. English </item> <item> <title ref="#PrEdda"/> </item> <item> <persName ref="#OdiN01"/></item> <item> <persName ref="#FrGg01"/></item> <item> <name type="animal" ref="#SlpNr01"/> </item> <item> <persName ref="#HrRkKn01"/></item> </list> </keywords> </textClass> </profileDesc> <revisionDesc> <list> <item> <date when="2012-05-21">2012-05-21</date>: the page containing this illustration was photographed with a Nikon D40 using an AF-SDX ZOOM-Nikko... 5mm 3.5 - 5.6 ED II lens and saved as: MonuMythCelts-1756-01-01.jpg - Dimensions: 3008 x 2000 - 2.5 MB.</item> <item> <date when="2018-10-30">2018-10-30</date>: cropped the image and saved it in black and white in images as: MonuMythCelts-1756-01-01.jpg - Dimensions: 1370 x 1935 - 1.7 MB.</item> </list> </revisionDesc> </teiHeader> <facsimile> <graphic url="images/PrE-MonuMythCelts-1756-01-01.jpg" mimeType="image/jpeg" width="1665px" height="991px"/> </facsimile> <text> <body> <div> <figure> <figDesc>Header for Mallet's <title level="m">Edda, ou Mythologie Celtique, in the 1756 edition of Monuments de la mythologie et de la poésie des Celtes. The scene suggests a sacred grove with figures, such as Odinn riding his eight-legged horse Sleipner and Frigg with a sword and a bow. These figures were copied and adapted from other sources. See Reference Notes below.
Primary Sources Mallet, Paul-Henri. Monuments de la mythologie et de la poésie des Celtes, et particulièrement des anciens Scandinaves, pour servir de supplément et de preuves à l’“Introduction à l’histoire du Dannemarc”. Hafniae, 1756. Secondary Sources Baer, Patricia Ann. An Old Norse Image Hoard: From the Analog Past to the Digital Present. Diss. U. of Victoria, 2013. Web. Cleasby, Richard and Vigfússon Guðbrandur . An Icelandic-English Dictionary. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1957.
Creatures: animals, birds, monsters etc. Sleipnir Óðinn´s eight-legged horse which Loki bore after mating with the Giant Builder's stallion Svaðilfari. Giants and Giantesses Hyrrokkin The giantess who was summoned to push Baldr's funeral ship off of the shore because the gods were not strong enough. She arrived riding on a wolf and using snakes for reigns. Gods and Goddesses Frigg Frigg Fricka

The wife of Óðinn and the mother of Baldr.

Richard Wagner based the guardian of marriage, Fricka, in Der Ring Des Nibelungen on the Norse goddesses Frigg, Lofn, and Vár.

 Óðinn Odin Wotan

The chief god of the Æsir in The Prose Edda. However, in Heimskringla he was a mortal who tricks the King of Sweden into believing that he was a god.

Richard Wagner in The Ring of the Nibelung based Wotan on Óðinn.

 Source Materials: <ref target="MonuMythCelts-1756.xml">Monuments de la mythologie et de la poésie des Celtes, et particulièrement des anciens Scandinaves, pour servir de supplément et de preuves à l’“Introduction à l’histoire du Dannemarc”</ref>. Jean-Henri Mallet wrote this book while he was living in Denmark. Heather O’Donoghue notes in Old Norse-Icelandic Literature: A Short Introduction that Mallet “had been commissioned by the king of Denmark to write a scholarly work specifically designed to counter existing views of Scandinavia as a backward country” (111). <ref target="PrEdda.xml">Prose Edda</ref> Snorri Sturluson's thirteenth-century prose work concerning Old Norse mythology and poetics. Source Persons de Lode, Odvardt Helmoldt 1726 1757 Danish painter and engraver Mallet, Paul-Henri 1730 1807 Swiss author A Swiss scholar who was appointed to a chair at the University of Copenhagen in 1750, published Introduction à l’histoire du Danemarc (An Introduction to the History of Denmark) and Monuments de la mythologie et de la poésie des Celtes (Monuments of the Mythology and Poetry of the Celts) respectively in 1755 and 1756 in Copenhagen.