<rs>Digital image of the illustration on page 16 of <persName ref="#GlrUp01"><forename>Karl</forename> <surname>Gjellerup</surname></persName>'s 1895 edition of the <title level="u" xml:lang="non">Poetic Edda, entitled Den Ældre Eddas Gudesange. 377 KB This digital image is from Den Ældre Eddas Gudesange. It is part of an ongoing project that began as a prototype of a digital image repository and webpage, MyNDIR (My Norse Digital images Repository), in P. A. Baer's Interdisciplinary PhD dissertation at the University of Victoria (2006 - 2013). The University of Victoria 2018 Victoria, B.C., Canada

This illustration from Den Ældre Eddas Gudesange is in the public domain.

 AldEdGud-1895-016-01 Den Ældre Eddas Gudesange 1895 16 Victoria Special Collections in the McPherson Library at the University of Victoria Surtr and Freyr in Combat author Karl Gjellerup 1857-1919 illustrator Lorenz Frølich 1820-1908 paper 210 297

Surtr and Freyr fighting each other at the Battle of Ragnarök. Surtr will be the victor and kill Freyr. This scene is from the Eddaic poem Völuspá in Karl Gjellerup's Den Ældre Eddas Gudesange. 70 60

This illustration was created by Lorenz Frølich in Copenhagen, Denmark circa 1898 for the 1895 edition of Den Ældre Eddas Gudesange.

Gift of Estate of Richard Beck to Special Collections at the University of Victoria. This illustration from Den Ældre Eddas Gudesange was photographed by P. A. Baer in August 2011.

Call number: PT7234 A2G5

The purpose of my Ph.D. project was to create a prototype for a digital image repository and web page for illustrations of Old Norse gods and heroes from manuscripts and early print sources. The website was launched on June 6, 2013 with one hundred and one illustrations.

In the fall of 2018, MyNDIR became part of the Endings Project in the Humanities Computing and Media Centre at the University of Victoria. The purpose of the project is to archive websites by creating a static version of a site that can be used independent of the internet. The total number of illustrations in MyNDIR for the Endings Project is 151 as of November 27, 2018. I will continue to add illustrations to the website.

I initially used a Roma Schema with the modules: core, tei, header, textstructure, msdescription, namesdates, certainty, figures, transcr and linking.

All proper nouns for the metadata for the illustrations are marked up with TEI P5 by using: <gi>persName</gi> for beings such as gods, giants, humans, authors, illustrators etc. and <gi>name</gi> for animals, monsters, and artifacts. The <att>xml:id</att>s for proper nouns are always mixed case abbreviations that begin with a capital. The <gi>list</gi> elements always have <att>type</att> and usually have <att>subtype</att> as well. All other TEI tags such as: <placeName/> for places, <orgName/> for archives, and <person/> were used in the manner demonstrated by the TEI P5 guidelines. I use the <att>xml:lang</att> for all of these elements. The keyword items for all proper nouns are linked to further descriptive data in a Names directory (names.xml).

I also create keyword items consisting of simple nouns, which were marked up as <gi>term</gi> to correspond to names of artifacts, animals, and monsters, e.g. Megingjörð = belt, Sleipnir = horse, Jörmungandr = serpent. The keyword items for all simple nouns are also entered in the names.xml file. The <att>xml:id</att>s for simple nouns are not abbreviated, always begin in lower case, are always in English, and are camel back when consisting of more than one word.

The critical approach for the selection of illustrations is focused through the theoretical lens of Material Philology which considers books and their material details, such as covers and illustrations, as cultural artifacts. This selection criteria results in a repository of images that is capable of revealing aspects of book history, culture, and production that the words of the texts alone cannot provide. Consequently, iterations of illustrations with minimal differences are not only included but valued for their research potential, e.g., illustrations from the first and second editions of Kongesagaer.

Old Norse orthography was the preferred representation for all names; however the English orthography was supplied in the keywords for Þōrr for Thor. Old Norse, English and other spellings were recorded in the names.xml file.

The spelling conventions for Old Norse conform to the practice established in An Icelandic-English Dictionary Cleasby, Richard and Vigfússon, Guðbrandur Clarendon Press Oxford 1957 , i.e., the stem of the name plus its nominative marker.

 Used to supply editor, author, illustrator etc. English </item> <item> <persName ref="#GlrUp01"/></item> <item> <persName ref="#FrLch01"/></item> <item> <title ref="#AldEdGud-1895-Ed"/> </item> <item><title ref="#VlSp"/> </item> <item><name type="event" ref="#RagRok01"/> </item> <item><persName ref="#FryR01"/></item> <item> <persName ref="#SrTr01"/></item> <item><title ref="#BttlRagRok"/></item> </list> </keywords> </textClass> </profileDesc> <revisionDesc> <list> <item> <date when="2010-09-21">2010-09-16</date>: the page containing this illustration was photographed with a Nikon D40 using an AF-SDX ZOOM-Nikko 5mm 3.5 - 5.6 ED II lens.</item> <item> <date when="2018-11-27">2018-10-30</date>: cropped the image and saved it as: PoE-AldEdGud-1895-016-01.jpg - Dimensions: 712 x 636 - 360 KB.</item> </list> </revisionDesc> </teiHeader> <facsimile> <graphic url="images/PoE-AldEdGud-1895-016-01.jpg" mimeType="image/jpeg" width="712px" height="636px"/> </facsimile> <text> <body> <div> <figure> <figDesc><persName ref="#SrTr01">Surtr</persName> and <persName ref="#FryR01">Freyr</persName> fighting each other at the Battle of Ragnarök. Surtr will be the victor and kill Freyr. This scene is from the Eddaic poem <title level="a">Völuspá in Karl Gjellerup's Den Ældre Eddas Gudesange.
Editions <!-- Den -->Ældre Eddas Gudesange. Translated by Karl Gjellerup, Kjøbenhavn: P.G. Philipsens Forlag, 1895. Secondary Sources Cleasby, Richard and Vigfússon Guðbrandur . An Icelandic-English Dictionary. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1957.
Giants and Giantesses Surtr Giant with a bright or flaming sword who guards the boundaries of Muspell and leads the sons of Muspell at Ragnarok. He kills Freyr in the battle and is responsible for the fire that burns the world afterwards. Gods and Goddesses Freyr Froh A fertility god and one of the Vanir. He is the son of Njörðr and the twin brother of Freyja.

Richard Wagner in The Ring of the Nibelung based Froh on Freyr.

 Myths<ref target="BttlRagRok.xml">The Battle of Ragnarök</ref>The myth concerning the final great battle between the gods and the giants.Mythological Events Ragnarök Ragnarok The final great battle between the gods and the giants. Source Materials: <ref target="AldEdGud-1895-Ed.xml"><!-- Den -->Ældre Eddas Gudesange</ref> An edition of the Poetic Edda with illustrations by Lorenz Frølich. <ref target="PoEdda.xml">Eddukvæði</ref> Poetic Edda This collection of eddic poems was compiled by an anonymous scholar in Iceland in the twelfth century. It was for a time mistakenly attributed to a scholar named Sæmundr hinn fróði (1056–1133) and thus was known as Sæmundar Edda. <ref target="VlSp.xml">Völuspá</ref> <!-- The -->Prophecy of the Seeress One of the mythological poems in the Poetic Edda. A Völva, or seeress, recites the history of the world to Óðinn. She then goes on to prophesize the destruction of the world at the Battle of Ragnarok and its rebirth after the battle. Völuspá is preserved in the late thirteenth-century Codex Regius manuscript, a.k.a. GKS 2365 4º, and in the fourteenth-century Hauksbók manuscripts, i.e., AM 371 4to, AM 544 4to and AM 675 4to. Source Persons Frølich, Lorenz Danish Frolich was a painter, illustrator and etcher. Gjellerup, Karl Danish Gellurup was a Danish poet and novelist who won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1917.